// ------------- Closure Example 1
function Example1(){
    var a=[];
    for (var num=0; num<10;num++){
        a[num] = function(){// Closure1
            return num;
            };
        }
    return a;
}
// ------------- Closure Example 2
function Example2(){
    var a = [];
    for (var num=0; num<10;num++){
        a[num] = (function(numVal){// Closure 1
                    return function(){// Closure 2
                        return numVal;
                    }
                })(num);
       }
   return a;
}
newArray = Example1();
newArray2 = Example2();
for (x=0; x<10; x++){
    console.log ('Example1 : '+newArray[x]()+'   Example2 : '+newArray2[x]());
    }
 
    // Output
    // Example1: 10  Example2 : 0
    // Example1: 10  Example2 : 1
    // Example1: 10  Example2 : 2
    // ...
    // Example1: 10  Example2 : 9
 
// Example 1
// Closure 1 returns a reference to the variable num. The reference to num comes from the outer function Example1.
// Due to the fact it's a reference any changes made to num in the outer function during it's execution will be
// reflected in Closure1's referenced variable. That's why the functions in array 'a' return the last value of num, which is 10.
 
// Example 2
// To overcome the problem of Example 1 we pass the value of num directly into the inner function Closure1. 
// The value is passed as the named argument numVal.
// The innermost function Closure2 which is returned, holds a reference to numVal.
// Each time Closure 1 is called a new and separate numVal argument is created.
// Therefore equally the returned numVal reference from Closure 2 is a different reference each time.